中西方的政治文化有非常大的不同，属于政治哲学的范畴。“德性政治”在中西方的文化语境中都有特殊的指代，体现在法治观念、人性观念、基本思维模式、政治权力格局等四方面。本课题将通过对中西方政治文化的比较分析，总结有益的部分。从一定意义上说，同为人际关系的协调处理活动，人类的政治活动乃是伦理活动的进一步放大形式，如果说后者仅将协调处理活动局限于我周围的我他领域，那么前者则将协调处理活动放大到整个社会组织，正如西方传统伦理学本质是一种从事实判断导出价值判断的理性主义的学说，西方传统政治学说其本是指亦不能智慧于这种理性主义之外，认为唯有借助于理性，合乎规律的支配，才能使社会从混乱无序趋于和谐有序，从人人个随其私臻至其中一种公我得以伸张和维系的社会之正义。
德治与法治作为两种治国模式或治国理念，中西方古己有之。只是由于积淀了太多的历史污垢，又值现代社会结构的转型和重组、人们自觉不自觉地忽略或放弃了对传统德治思想的合理批判和文明传承。对人类历史留给我们的丰厚治国思想遗产进行比较甄别。是现代德治获得历史文化合理性支持的必要路径。
Chinese and Western political cultures are very different from each other and belong to the category of political philosophy. "Moral politics" has a special reference in both Chinese and Western cultural contexts, which is reflected in four aspects: the concept of rule of law, the concept of human nature, the basic mode of thinking and the pattern of political power. This topic will summarize the most useful part through the comparative analysis of Chinese and Western political culture. In a certain sense, human political activities are the further amplified form of ethical activities, as well as the coordinated processing activities of human relations. If the latter only limits the coordinated processing activities to the fields of me and others around me, then the former magnifies the coordinated processing activities to the whole social organization. Just as the essence of the traditional western ethics is a rationalist theory that derives value judgment from fact judgment, the traditional Western political theory originally means that it cannot be wise beyond such rationalism. It holds that only with the help of rationality and rule can the society turn from disorder to harmony and order. From the individual in his own right to a kind of social justice in which the individual is maintained and maintained.
Rule by virtue and rule by law, as two modes or concepts of governance, have existed in ancient China and Western countries. Because of the accumulation of too much historical dirt, and the transformation and reorganization of modern social structure, people consciously or unconsciously ignore or give up the reasonable criticism of the traditional thought of moral governance and civilization inheritance. Compare and discriminate the rich ideological legacies of running a country left to us by human history. It is the necessary path for modern moral governance to obtain the rational support of history and culture.