合成生物学是近年来生命科学领域的新兴方向，其试图重新设计现有的天然的生物系统，或是设计和构建人工生物组件和系统，目的在于通过了解天然生物体系的运作机理来创造全新的生物体系。目标是希望通过重组现有的基于DNA序列的功能组件，如调控序列，RNA，蛋白质等，实现对生命科学研究或者对生产生活有意义的新的菌种。这个方向直接搭建起了基础生物研究和生产生活实践之间的桥梁，有些成果甚至直接转化成产品，所以同时受到了学术界和工业界的关注。本课题将立足于合成生物学的本质，畅想合成生物学在实践中的运用。
合成生物学是生物科学在二十一世纪刚刚出现的一个分支学科，近年来合成生物物质的研究进展很快。合成生物学与传统生物学通过解剖生命体以研究其内在构造的办法不同，合成生物学的研究方向完全是相反的，它是从基本的要素开始一步步建立零部件。合成生物学与基因工程把一个物种的基因延续、改变并转移至另一物种的作法不同，合成生物学的目的在于建立人工生物系统(artificial biosystem)，让它们像电路一样运行。合成生物学(synthetic biology)，起初由Hobom B.于1980年提出来表述基因重组技术，随着分子系统生物学的发展，2000年E. Kool在美国化学年会上重新提出来，2003年国际上定义为基于系统生物学的遗传工程和工程方法的人工生物系统研究，从基因片段、DNA分子、基因调控网络与信号传导路径到细胞的人工设计与合成，类似于现代集成型建筑工程，将工程学原理与方法应用于遗传工程与细胞工程等生物技术领域，合成生物学、计算生物学与化学生物学一同构成系统生物技术的方法基础。
Synthetic biology is an emerging direction in the field of life science in recent years. It attempts to redesign existing natural biological systems or design and construct artificial biological components and systems, aiming to create new biological systems by understanding the operation mechanism of natural biological systems. The goal is to recombine existing functional components based on DNA sequences, such as regulatory sequences, RNA, proteins, etc., to achieve new strains that are meaningful for life science research or production and life. This direction directly builds a bridge between basic biological research and production and life practice, and some achievements are even directly transformed into products, so it has attracted attention from both academia and industry. This topic will be based on the nature of synthetic biology, and imagine the application of synthetic biology in practice.
Synthetic biology is a new branch of biological science in the 21st century. Unlike traditional biology, which dissects living things to study their inner structure, synthetic biology is the opposite, starting from the most basic elements and gradually building up parts. Unlike genetic engineering, where genes from one species are inherited, altered and transferred to another, synthetic biology aims to create artificial biosystems that act like circuits. Synthetic Biology, originally developed by Hobom B. With the development of
molecular systems biology, it was reintroduced in 2000 by E. Kool at the annual meeting of American Chemistry. In 2003, it was defined internationally as the study of artificial biological systems based on genetic engineering and engineering methods of systems biology. From genes, DNA molecules and gene regulatory networks and signal transduction pathway to artificial design and synthesis of the cells, similar to modern integrated construction project, applying engineering principles and methods to biological technology such as genetic engineering and cell engineering, synthetic biology, computational biology and chemical biology biotechnology methods together constitute a system.